Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).

Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

-a, --all do not ignore entries starting with .

-A, --almost-all do not list implied . and ..

--author with -l, print the author of each file

-b, --escape print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters

--block-size=SIZE with -l, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them;

e.g., '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below

-B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~

-c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last

modification of file status information);

with -l: show ctime and sort by name;

otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first

-C list entries by columns

--color[=WHEN] colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default

if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below

-d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents

-D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color

-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries

--file-type likewise, except do not append '*'

--format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,

single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C

--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso

-g like -l, but do not list owner

--group-directories-first

group directories before files;

can be augmented with a --sort option, but any

use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping

-G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names

-h, --human-readable with -l and -s, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc.

--si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

-H, --dereference-command-line

follow symbolic links listed on the command line

--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir

follow each command line symbolic link

that points to a directory

--hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

(overridden by -a or -A)

--hyperlink[=WHEN] hyperlink file names; WHEN can be 'always'

(default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'

--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:

none (default), slash (-p),

file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)

-i, --inode print the index number of each file

-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

-k, --kibibytes default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage;

used only with -s and per directory totals

-l use a long listing format

-L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic

link, show information for the file the link

references rather than for the link itself

-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries

-n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs

-N, --literal print entry names without quoting

-o like -l, but do not list group information

-p, --indicator-style=slash

append / indicator to directories

-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of nongraphic characters

--show-control-chars show nongraphic characters as-is (the default,

unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)

-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes

--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:

literal, locale, shell, shell-always,

shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape

(overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)

-r, --reverse reverse order while sorting

-R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively

-s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks

-S sort by file size, largest first

--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S),

time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)

--time=WORD change the default of using modification times;

access time (-u): atime, access, use;

change time (-c): ctime, status;

birth time: birth, creation;

with -l, WORD determines which time to show;

with --sort=time, sort by WORD (newest first)

--time-style=TIME_STYLE time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below

-t sort by time, newest first; see --time

-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

-u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time;

with -l: show access time and sort by name;

otherwise: sort by access time, newest first

-U do not sort; list entries in directory order

-v natural sort of (version) numbers within text

-w, --width=COLS set output width to COLS. 0 means no limit

-x list entries by lines instead of by columns

-X sort alphabetically by entry extension

-Z, --context print any security context of each file

-1 list one file per line. Avoid '\n' with -q or -b

--help display this help and exit

--version output version information and exit

The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).

Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).

Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.

The TIME_STYLE argument can be full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT.

FORMAT is interpreted like in date(1). If FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2,

then FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files.

TIME_STYLE prefixed with 'posix-' takes effect only outside the POSIX locale.

Also the TIME_STYLE environment variable sets the default style to use.

Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and

with --color=never. With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when

standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment

variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.

Exit status:

0 if OK,

1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),

2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).

GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>

Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ls>

or available locally via: info '(coreutils) ls invocation'