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Usage: tar [OPTION...] [FILE]...

GNU 'tar' saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can

restore individual files from the archive.

Examples:

tar -cf archive.tar foo bar # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.

tar -tvf archive.tar # List all files in archive.tar verbosely.

tar -xf archive.tar # Extract all files from archive.tar.

Main operation mode:

-A, --catenate, --concatenate append tar files to an archive

-c, --create create a new archive

--delete delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)

-d, --diff, --compare find differences between archive and file system

-r, --append append files to the end of an archive

--test-label test the archive volume label and exit

-t, --list list the contents of an archive

-u, --update only append files newer than copy in archive

-x, --extract, --get extract files from an archive

Operation modifiers:

--check-device check device numbers when creating incremental

archives (default)

-g, --listed-incremental=FILE handle new GNU-format incremental backup

-G, --incremental handle old GNU-format incremental backup

--hole-detection=TYPE technique to detect holes

--ignore-failed-read do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files

--level=NUMBER dump level for created listed-incremental archive

--no-check-device do not check device numbers when creating

incremental archives

--no-seek archive is not seekable

-n, --seek archive is seekable

--occurrence[=NUMBER] process only the NUMBERth occurrence of each file

in the archive; this option is valid only in

conjunction with one of the subcommands --delete,

--diff, --extract or --list and when a list of

files is given either on the command line or via

the -T option; NUMBER defaults to 1

--sparse-version=MAJOR[.MINOR]

set version of the sparse format to use (implies

--sparse)

-S, --sparse handle sparse files efficiently

Local file name selection:

--add-file=FILE add given FILE to the archive (useful if its name

starts with a dash)

-C, --directory=DIR change to directory DIR

--exclude=PATTERN exclude files, given as a PATTERN

--exclude-backups exclude backup and lock files

--exclude-caches exclude contents of directories containing

CACHEDIR.TAG, except for the tag file itself

--exclude-caches-all exclude directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG

--exclude-caches-under exclude everything under directories containing

CACHEDIR.TAG

--exclude-ignore=FILE read exclude patterns for each directory from

FILE, if it exists

--exclude-ignore-recursive=FILE

read exclude patterns for each directory and its

subdirectories from FILE, if it exists

--exclude-tag=FILE exclude contents of directories containing FILE,

except for FILE itself

--exclude-tag-all=FILE exclude directories containing FILE

--exclude-tag-under=FILE exclude everything under directories

containing FILE

--exclude-vcs exclude version control system directories

--exclude-vcs-ignores read exclude patterns from the VCS ignore files

--no-null disable the effect of the previous --null option

--no-recursion avoid descending automatically in directories

--no-unquote do not unquote input file or member names

--no-verbatim-files-from -T treats file names starting with dash as

options (default)

--null -T reads null-terminated names; implies

--verbatim-files-from

--recursion recurse into directories (default)

-T, --files-from=FILE get names to extract or create from FILE

--unquote unquote input file or member names (default)

--verbatim-files-from -T reads file names verbatim (no escape or option

handling)

-X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude patterns listed in FILE

File name matching options (affect both exclude and include patterns):

--anchored patterns match file name start

--ignore-case ignore case

--no-anchored patterns match after any '/' (default for

exclusion)

--no-ignore-case case sensitive matching (default)

--no-wildcards verbatim string matching

--no-wildcards-match-slash wildcards do not match '/'

--wildcards use wildcards (default for exclusion)

--wildcards-match-slash wildcards match '/' (default)

Overwrite control:

--keep-directory-symlink preserve existing symlinks to directories when

extracting

--keep-newer-files don't replace existing files that are newer than

their archive copies

-k, --keep-old-files don't replace existing files when extracting,

treat them as errors

--no-overwrite-dir preserve metadata of existing directories

--one-top-level[=DIR] create a subdirectory to avoid having loose files

extracted

--overwrite overwrite existing files when extracting

--overwrite-dir overwrite metadata of existing directories when

extracting (default)

--recursive-unlink empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory

--remove-files remove files after adding them to the archive

--skip-old-files don't replace existing files when extracting,

silently skip over them

-U, --unlink-first remove each file prior to extracting over it

-W, --verify attempt to verify the archive after writing it

Select output stream:

--ignore-command-error ignore exit codes of children

--no-ignore-command-error treat non-zero exit codes of children as

error

-O, --to-stdout extract files to standard output

--to-command=COMMAND pipe extracted files to another program

Handling of file attributes:

--atime-preserve[=METHOD] preserve access times on dumped files, either

by restoring the times after reading

(METHOD='replace'; default) or by not setting the

times in the first place (METHOD='system')

--clamp-mtime only set time when the file is more recent than

what was given with --mtime

--delay-directory-restore delay setting modification times and

permissions of extracted directories until the end

of extraction

--group=NAME force NAME as group for added files

--group-map=FILE use FILE to map file owner GIDs and names

--mode=CHANGES force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files

--mtime=DATE-OR-FILE set mtime for added files from DATE-OR-FILE

-m, --touch don't extract file modified time

--no-delay-directory-restore

cancel the effect of --delay-directory-restore

option

--no-same-owner extract files as yourself (default for ordinary

users)

--no-same-permissions apply the user's umask when extracting permissions

from the archive (default for ordinary users)

--numeric-owner always use numbers for user/group names

--owner=NAME force NAME as owner for added files

--owner-map=FILE use FILE to map file owner UIDs and names

-p, --preserve-permissions, --same-permissions

extract information about file permissions

(default for superuser)

--same-owner try extracting files with the same ownership as

exists in the archive (default for superuser)

--sort=ORDER directory sorting order: none (default), name or

inode

-s, --preserve-order, --same-order

member arguments are listed in the same order as

the files in the archive

Handling of extended file attributes:

--acls Enable the POSIX ACLs support

--no-acls Disable the POSIX ACLs support

--no-selinux Disable the SELinux context support

--no-xattrs Disable extended attributes support

--selinux Enable the SELinux context support

--xattrs Enable extended attributes support

--xattrs-exclude=MASK specify the exclude pattern for xattr keys

--xattrs-include=MASK specify the include pattern for xattr keys

Device selection and switching:

--force-local archive file is local even if it has a colon

-f, --file=ARCHIVE use archive file or device ARCHIVE

-F, --info-script=NAME, --new-volume-script=NAME

run script at end of each tape (implies -M)

-L, --tape-length=NUMBER change tape after writing NUMBER x 1024 bytes

-M, --multi-volume create/list/extract multi-volume archive

--rmt-command=COMMAND use given rmt COMMAND instead of rmt

--rsh-command=COMMAND use remote COMMAND instead of rsh

--volno-file=FILE use/update the volume number in FILE

Device blocking:

-b, --blocking-factor=BLOCKS BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record

-B, --read-full-records reblock as we read (for 4.2BSD pipes)

-i, --ignore-zeros ignore zeroed blocks in archive (means EOF)

--record-size=NUMBER NUMBER of bytes per record, multiple of 512

Archive format selection:

-H, --format=FORMAT create archive of the given format

FORMAT is one of the following:

gnu GNU tar 1.13.x format

oldgnu GNU format as per tar <= 1.12

pax POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax) format

posix same as pax

ustar POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar) format

v7 old V7 tar format

--old-archive, --portability

same as --format=v7

--pax-option=keyword[[:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]...

control pax keywords

--posix same as --format=posix

-V, --label=TEXT create archive with volume name TEXT; at

list/extract time, use TEXT as a globbing pattern

for volume name

Compression options:

-a, --auto-compress use archive suffix to determine the compression

program

-I, --use-compress-program=PROG

filter through PROG (must accept -d)

-j, --bzip2 filter the archive through bzip2

-J, --xz filter the archive through xz

--lzip filter the archive through lzip

--lzma filter the archive through xz --format=lzma

--lzop filter the archive through lzop

--no-auto-compress do not use archive suffix to determine the

compression program

--zstd filter the archive through zstd

-z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip filter the archive through gzip

-Z, --compress, --uncompress filter the archive through compress

Local file selection:

--backup[=CONTROL] backup before removal, choose version CONTROL

--hard-dereference follow hard links; archive and dump the files they

refer to

-h, --dereference follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they

point to

-K, --starting-file=MEMBER-NAME

begin at member MEMBER-NAME when reading the

tar

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